XIV. Louis ile kim çıktı?

Louis-Dieudonné de France veya XIV. Louis (okunuş: lui) (5 Eylül 1638 - 1 Eylül 1715), Dünya'nın ve Fransa'nın en uzun süre hüküm süren kralıdır. 1643-1715 (72 yıl) yılları arasında Fransa krallığı yapmıştır. Fransızlar taafından Louis Le Grand (Büyük Louis) veya le Roi-Soleil (Güneş Kral) olarak da anılır. Devlet benim (l'État c'est moi) sözlerinden de anlaşılacağı gibi Fransa'yı mutlak monarşiyle yönetmiştir. Çok saldırgan ve yayılmacı bir politika izlemiştir. Karısı Kraliçe Marie Theresia'dır. Fransa Bilimler Akademisi ilk defa XIV. Louis tarafından kurulmuştur. Bir tiyatro oyununda Apollon'u oynamıştır. Klasik sanata yakından ilgi duymaktadır. Babasının bir av köşkü olarak inşa ettirdiği Versay'ı genişleterek Fransa Krallığı'nın yönetildiği bir saray haline getirmiştir. Dönemin aristokratlarını gene Paris'ten uzaklaştırıp, Versay'a taşımıştır. Versay Sarayı'nın bahçesini barok dönemi eserleriyle düzenletmiştir.

Louis, 1661 yılında başbakanı Kardinal Mazarin'in ölümünün ardından, 'Kral'ın işi kendisinin devralacağını' meşhur bir şekilde ilan etmesiyle Fransa'yı kişisel olarak yönetmeye başladı. Kralların ilahi haklarına bağlı olan Louis, seleflerinin başkentten yönetilen merkezî bir devlet yaratma çalışmalarına devam etti. Fransa'nın bazı bölgelerinde varlığını sürdüren feodalizmin kalıntılarını ortadan kaldırmaya çalıştı; Soyluların pek çok üyesini gösterişli Versailles Sarayı'nda ikamet etmeye zorlayarak, çoğu azınlık döneminde Fronde İsyanları'na katılmış olan aristokrasiyi güçsüzleştirmeyi başardı. Böylece en güçlü Fransız hükümdarlarından biri haline geldi ve Fransa'da Fransız Devrimi'ne kadar süren mutlak monarşi sistemini pekiştirdi. Louis ayrıca Katolik Kilisesi altında din tekdüzeliğini de zorunlu kıldı. Nantes Fermanı'nı iptal etmesi, Huguenot Protestan azınlığın haklarını ortadan kaldırdı ve onları bir şiddet dalgasına maruz bıraktı, Huguenot'ları etkili bir şekilde göç etmeye veya din değiştirmeye zorlayarak Fransız Protestan topluluğunu neredeyse yok etti.

Françoise Thérèse de Voyer de Dorée, known as Mademoiselle de Dorée (fl. 1712) was a French courtier. She is known for her affair with Louis XIV in 1681.

Dorée was born to René de Voyer, Segnieur de Dorée, Comte de Dorée, a member of the Royal Council, and Diane-Marie Joubert (d. 1683), one of the deputy governesses of the children of the king and Madame de Montespan.

Dorée was the unofficial lover of king Louis XIV of France in 1681; it was a temporary affair after the death of Marie Angélique de Scorailles. The affair caused a scandal at court and it was rumoured that Madame de Montespan had arranged it to disturb the relationship between the king and Madame de Maintenon. The affair was temporary and ended quickly, and it was said that Madame de Maintenon asked the king to promise afterward that he would no longer sin in the future.

Dorée served as maid of honour to the king's daughter the Duchess of Bourbon between 1685 and 1686. She was banished to a convent in 1686. She was reportedly the mistress of Louis, comte de Cominges, in 1689. She was noted to have been an heir of the will of Cominges upon his death in 1712.

Marie-Antoinette de Rouvroy, comtesse d'Oisy, även känd som Mademoiselle de Rouvroy, född 1660, död efter 1721, var en fransk aristokrat. Hon var mätress till kung Ludvig XIV av Frankrike under år 1681.

Hon var dotter till Pierre de Rouvroy, seigneur de Puys (1617-1674) och Ursule de Gontery (1623-1685).

Hon var hovfröken till kungens svägerska Elisabeth Charlotte av Pfalz mellan 1690 och 1694. Hon avslutade sin anställning när hon gifte sig med Jean -Eustache de Tournay d'Assignies, greve av Oisy (d. 1716). Hon nämns 1721, då regenten fortsatt utbetalade hennes hovpension.

Hon beskrivs i Saint-Simons memoarer.

Catherine-Henriette Bellier, baroness de Beauvais (French pronunciation: [katʁin ɑ̃ʁjɛt bɛlje]; Poitou, 1614 – 7 June 1689 in Arrou), was a French courtier, best remembered as the first mistress of King Louis XIV of France.

Marie-Élisabeth "Isabelle" de Ludres, Marquess of Ludres (1647 – 28 January 1726) was a French noblewoman and lady-in-waiting, known for being the mistress of Louis XIV, King of France between 1675 and 1676.

Bonne de Pons d'Heudicourt (1644 – 24 January 1709), was a French courtier, known as the royal mistress of Louis XIV of France. She was known as La Grande Louve ('Grand She-Wolf') after her husband, who was the king's official Master of the Wolf Hunt.

Anna Maria "Marie" Mancini, Princess of Paliano (28 August 1639 – 8 May 1715) was the third of the five Mancini sisters, nieces to Cardinal Mazarin who were brought to France to marry advantageously. Along with two of their female Martinozzi cousins, the Mancini sisters were known at the court of King Louis XIV of France as the Mazarinettes. Marie is an ancestor of Queen Paola of Belgium.

Françoise-Louise de La Baume Le Blanc, Duchess of La Vallière and Vaujours (6 August 1644 – 6 June 1710) was a French noblewoman and the mistress of King Louis XIV of France from 1661 to 1667.

La Vallière joined the royal court in 1661 as maid-of-honour to Henrietta of England and soon became Louis XIV's mistress. Two of her four children by the King, Marie-Anne, Mademoiselle de Blois (Princess of Conti by marriage) and Louis, Count of Vermandois, survived infancy and were legitimised. She was an important participant in the court's intellectual life, interested in the arts, literature, and philosophy.

In 1666, she was replaced as mistress by Madame de Montespan, but created a suo jure duchess and invested with lands. After an illness in 1670, La Vallière turned to religion, and wrote a popular devotional book. In 1674, she entered a Carmelite convent in Paris where she died in 1710.

Marie-Rosalie de Piennes, marquise de Châtillon, född 1665, död 1735, var en fransk hovdam. Hon var mätress till kung Ludvig XIV av Frankrike under år 1682.

Hon var dotter till Antoine de Brouilly, marquis de Piennes (1611-1676) och Françoise Godet (1630-1678). Hon gifte sig 1685 med Alexis-Henri, marquis de Châtillon (1650-1737). Hon separerade från sin make 1693.

Hon var dame d’atours åt kungens svägerska mellan 1689 och 1706. Hon gick i pension på egen begäran 1735.

Claude de Vin, Mademoiselle des Œillets styled and known as Mademoiselle des Œillets (French: [dɛz‿œjɛ]; Provence 1637 – Paris, 18 May 1687), was a mistress of King Louis XIV of France and the companion of the official royal mistress and favourite Madame de Montespan. She was known for her involvement in the famous Affair of the Poisons (1679–1680).

Daughter of the actors Nicolas de Vin and Louise Faviot.

She became the trusted lady's companion of Montespan before 1669. During the Affair of the Poisons, she was said to have made more than fifty visits to the poisoners. she was pointed out as the replacement of Montespan in the black masses. She was protected from any persecution by the monarch and Colbert, but the affair implicated Montespan and ruined the latter's relationship with the king.

Œillets retired from court in 1678 to a comfortable life in her Paris residence and country estate, the Château de Suisnes until her death.

1. She had a child by the king, Louise de Maisonblanche (17 June 1676 – 12 September 1718), later "Baroness of La Queue" by marriage. The king never recognised her as his daughter.

Julie de Châteaubriant (1668–1723) was a French aristocrat. She had a reputed affair with king Louis XIV in 1683, and have been called the last mistress of Louis XIV.

Marie Madeleine Agnès de Gontaut (1653–1720) was a French aristocrat.

Anne-Madeleine de Conty d'Argencourt est née en 1637, baptisée le 20 septembre 1641 à Montpellier et morte le 8 janvier 1718. Elle est l'une des maîtresses de Louis XIV.

Elle lègue à sa mort son immeuble à Montpellier à l'Œuvre des Sœurs de la Miséricorde, dont elle était membre.

Marie Angélique de Scorailles, Duchess of Fontanges (French pronunciation: [maʁi ɑ̃ʒelik də skɔʁaj] ; July 1661 – 28 June 1681) was a French noblewoman and mistress of Louis XIV. Additionally she held the position of a lady-in-waiting to his sister-in-law Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine, the Duchess of Orléans. Marie caught the attention of the Sun King and began an affair with him in 1679. She died two years later, most probably as a result of complications arising from childbirth.

Olympia Mancini, Countess of Soissons (French: Olympe Mancini; 11 July 1638 – 9 October 1708) was the second-eldest of the five celebrated Mancini sisters, who along with two of their female Martinozzi cousins, were known at the court of King Louis XIV of France as the Mazarinettes because their uncle was Louis XIV's chief minister, Cardinal Mazarin. Olympia was later to become the mother of the famous Austrian general Prince Eugene of Savoy. She also involved herself in various court intrigues including the notorious Affair of the Poisons, which led to her expulsion from France.

Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart, Marquise of Montespan (5 October 1640 – 27 May 1707), commonly known as Madame de Montespan (French: [madam də mɔ̃tɛspɑ̃]), was a French noblewoman and the most celebrated royal mistress of King Louis XIV. During their romantic relationship, which lasted from the late 1660s to the late 1670s, she was sometimes referred to by contemporaries as the "true Queen of France" due to the pervasiveness of her influence at court. She was a great-grandmother to Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe, who was the husband to Maria Luisa of Savoy, also known as the Princesse de Lamballe.

Born into the House of Rochechouart, one of the oldest noble families of France, Françoise-Athénaïs married the Marquis of Montespan in 1663. She then became a maid of honour to Princess Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans, and later a lady-in-waiting to Queen Maria Theresa. Noted for her great beauty and wit, she carefully cultivated a relationship with Louis XIV and eventually supplanted Louise de La Vallière as his favourite. She had seven children by the king, six of them later legitimised but only four survived infancy. She mostly entrusted her children to Madame Scarron, who as the Marquise de Maintenon was later to replace her in the king's affections.

Madame de Montespan's alleged involvement in the Affair of the Poisons, which began in 1677, severely damaged her reputation and resulted in her fall from royal favour. In 1691, she withdrew to the convent of Filles de Saint-Joseph in Paris, but left thirteen years later when she relocated to the Château d'Oiron. She devoted the rest of her life to charity, patronage and penance until her death in 1707 at the age of 66. She is an ancestress of several royal houses in Europe, including those of Spain, Italy, Bulgaria, Portugal, Belgium and Luxembourg.