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Louis XV of France

Louis XV of France

Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reached maturity (then defined as his 13th birthday) in 1723, the kingdom was ruled by his grand-uncle Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, as Regent of France. Cardinal Fleury was chief minister from 1726 until his death in 1743, at which time the king took sole control of the kingdom.

His reign of almost 59 years (from 1715 to 1774) was the second longest in the history of France, exceeded only by his predecessor, Louis XIV, who had ruled for 72 years (from 1643 to 1715). In 1748, Louis returned the Austrian Netherlands, won at the Battle of Fontenoy of 1745. He ceded New France in North America to Great Britain and Spain at the conclusion of the disastrous Seven Years' War in 1763. He incorporated the territories of the Duchy of Lorraine and the Corsican Republic into the Kingdom of France. Historians generally criticize his reign, citing how reports of his corruption embarrassed the monarchy, while his wars drained the treasury and produced little gain. However, a minority of scholars argue that he was popular during his lifetime, but that his reputation was later blackened by revolutionary propaganda. His grandson and successor Louis XVI inherited a kingdom on the brink of financial disaster and gravely in need of political reform, laying the groundwork for the French Revolution of 1789.

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Louise-Jeanne Tiercelin de La Colleterie

Louise-Jeanne de Tiercelin de La Colleterie, född i Mortagne 1746, död 1779, är känd som älskarinna till kung Ludvig XV av Frankrike från 1760 till 1763.

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Louis XV of France

Louis XV of France
 

Marie-Anne de Mailly-Nesle

Marie-Anne de Mailly-Nesle

Marie Anne de Mailly-Nesle, duchesse de Châteauroux (French pronunciation: [maʁi an maji nɛl]; 5 October 1717 – 8 December 1744) was the youngest of the five famous de Nesle sisters, four of whom would become the mistress of King Louis XV of France. She was his mistress from 1742 until 1744.

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Louis XV of France

Louis XV of France
 

Madame de Pompadour

Madame de Pompadour

Juana Antonieta Poisson, duquesa-marquesa de Pompadour y duquesa de Menars, con paridad francesa, conocida como Madame de Pompadour (París, 29 de diciembre de 1721 - Versalles, 15 de abril de 1764), fue una cortesana francesa. Introducida en la corte por sus parientes, tras ser presentada al rey Luis XV, se convirtió en su amante desde 1745 a 1751. También fue consejera del monarca e influyente como favorita hasta su muerte.

Pompadour se hizo cargo de la agenda del rey y fue una valiosa ayudante y consejera, a pesar de su frágil salud y de sus muchos enemigos políticos. Consiguió títulos nobiliarios para ella y sus parientes, y creó una red de clientes y partidarios. Tuvo especial cuidado en no enemistarse con la popular reina María Leszczyńska. El 8 de febrero de 1756, la marquesa de Pompadour fue nombrada decimotercera dama de compañía de la reina, cargo considerado el más prestigioso de la corte, que le concedió honores.​

Pompadour fue una importante mecenas de la arquitectura y las artes decorativas, especialmente de la porcelana. Fue también mecenas de los philosophes de la Ilustración, entre ellos Voltaire.

Críticos hostiles de la época la tacharon de ser una influencia política malévola, pero los historiadores han sido más favorables y han destacado sus éxitos como mecenas de las artes y defensora del orgullo francés.​ Historiadores modernos sugieren que los detractores de Pompadour estaban motivados por el temor a la ruptura de las jerarquías existentes que representaba el poder y la influencia de Pompadour, como mujer que no había nacido en la aristocracia.​

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Louis XV of France

Louis XV of France
 

Lucie Madeleine d'Estaing

Łucja Magdalena d’Estaing, fr. Lucie Madeleine d’Estaing (ur. 10 maja 1743 w Paryżu, zm. 7 kwietnia 1826 w Clermont-Ferrand) – metresa króla Francji, Ludwika XV.

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Louis XV of France

Louis XV of France
 

Françoise de Chalus

Françoise de Chalus

Françoise de Chalus (bap. Chalus, 24 February 1734 - Paris, 7 July 1821), was a French noblewoman and courtier. She was the mother of Louis, comte de Narbonne-Lara, possibly by King Louis XV. She was the lady-in-waiting of Louise Élisabeth of France in 1749–59, and the influential favorite lady-in-waiting of Princess Adélaïde of France in 1764–1800.

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Louis XV of France

Louis XV of France
 

Marie Anne de Coislin

Marie Anne de Coislin (1732-1817), was a French aristocrat, known as the mistress to Louis XV of France in 1755. She was the king's Petite maîtresse (unofficial mistress), not his Maîtresse-en-titre (official mistress).

She was the daughter of the marquis Louis de Mailly (1696-1767) and the lady-in-waiting Anne Françoise Elisabeth Arbaleste de Melun and married in 1750 to the duke Charles Georges René du Cambout de Coislin (d. 1771), but they separated early on and she moved back with her parents.

In 1755, Louis François, Prince of Conti launched her as his candidate to replace Madame de Pompadour as official mistress of the king. She was the first serious candidate to be put up against Madame de Pompadour since Charlotte Rosalie de Choiseul-Beaupré, and she was also to be the last. She did succeed to be the secret lover of the king, which attracted some attention at court. She became known as l'altière Vasthi. Ultimately, however, the plot failed, and she was ousted from court by Madame de Pompadour. After this, there was no more serious rival to replace Madame de Pompadour, and the king mainly settled with his unofficial lovers at the Parc-aux-Cerfs.

Marie Anne de Coislin had affairs with the Prince de Conti and the count de Coigny, and was claimed to have had affairs with Christian VI of Denmark, Gustav III of Sweden and Peter III of Russia. It is unknown if these rumours where true, but Christian VI and Gustav III did visit her during their visits to Paris, which attracted attention at the time.

She did not leave France during the French Revolution, but lived as a servant in Rouen, Brittany and Vendée during the Reign of Terror. After the fall of Robespierre, she resumed her former life and property. She remarried in 1793 to Louis-Marie duc de Mailly (d. 1795).

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Louis XV of France

Louis XV of France
 

Irène du Buisson de Longpré

Irène du Buisson de Longpré (c. 1720–1767), was a French noblewoman, mistress to Louis XV of France. She was the king's Petite maîtresse (unofficial mistress), not his Maîtresse-en-titre (official mistress).

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Louis XV of France

Louis XV of France
 

Marie Thérèse Françoise Boisselet

Marie Thérèse Françoise Boisselet (1731 – 1800) was a petite maîtresse of King Louis XV of France.

Boisselet was born to Pierre Sulpice Boisselet and Marie Thérèse Carouailles. Her father was an employee of the king's kitchen staff, with the title 'Contrôleur de la Bouche du Roi et chef du gobelet de Mme la Dauphine'. Marie Thérèse Françoise Boisselet was described as a beauty, and she agreed to become the lover of the king. The affair was not an official one; she was recruited to be a petite maîtresse (unofficial mistress) of the king in Parc-aux-Cerfs. She had one child with the king, Charles Louis Cadet de Gassicourt (1769–1821).

In 1771, she married the chemist Louis Claude Cadet de Gassicourt, who adopted her son. According to Paul Thiébault, Louis XV benefitted the career of Cadet de Gassicourt in the Royal Academy because of his marriage to his former lover.

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Louis XV of France

Louis XV of France
 

Louise Julie de Mailly

Louise Julie de Mailly

Louise Julie de Mailly-Nesle, comtesse de Mailly (French pronunciation: [lwiz ʒyli maji nɛl]; 1710–1751) was the eldest of the five de Nesle sisters, four of whom were mistresses of King Louis XV of France. She was first the mistress of the Marquis de Puysieux and then of Louis XV from 1732 until 1742, and his official mistress from 1738 until 1742.

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Louis XV of France

Louis XV of France
 

Diane Adélaïde de Mailly

Diane Adélaïde de Mailly

Diane Adélaïde de Mailly-Nesle, Duchesse de Lauraguais (11 February 1713 – 3 November 1769 in Paris) was the third of the five famous de Nesle sisters, four of whom would become the mistress of King Louis XV of France. She was his mistress on and off from 1742 to 1745.

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Louis XV of France

Louis XV of France
 

Marguerite-Catherine Haynault

Marguerite-Catherine Haynault

Marguerite-Catherine Haynault, marquise de Montmelas ( - ), est une maîtresse du roi de France Louis XV. Elle est alors dame d'honneur de la princesse Adélaïde.

Son portait est peint par François-Hubert Drouais. Propriété de ses descendants il est vendu en 1930 et se trouve aujourd'hui au Musée de Boston sous l’appellation "Portrait of a Woman in Turkish Costume said to be Mlle de Romans 1762".

Fille de Jean-Baptiste Haynault, entrepreneur de tabac à Lorient et de Catherine Croupil de La Salle. Elle donne au roi deux filles puis épouse en 1766, Blaise d'Arod, marquis de Montmelas.

  • Agnès-Louise de Montreuil (Paris, 1760 - Montmelas, 1837), mariée à Paris en 1778 Gaspard d'Arod, Comte de Montmelas. Dont postérité
  • Anne-Louise de La Réale (Versailles, 1762 - Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 1831), mariée à Paris en 1780 Gabriel, comte de Geslin. Dont postérité.
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Louis XV of France

Louis XV of France
 

Pauline Félicité de Mailly-Nesle

Pauline Félicité de Mailly-Nesle

Pauline Félicité de Mailly, markisinna de Vintimille, född 1712, död 9 september 1741, var en fransk adelsdam, mätress till kung Ludvig XV av Frankrike 1738–1741. Hon var en av de fyra systrarna de Nesle som alla var älskarinnor till Ludvig XV.

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Louis XV of France

Louis XV of France
 

Catherine Éléonore Bénard

Marie Catherine Éléonore Bénard (Catherine Éléonore Bernard; 1740 – 23 February 1769) was a French lady-in-waiting and alleged petite maîtresse to King Louis XV of France in 1768-69.

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Louis XV of France

Louis XV of France
 

Marie-Louise O'Murphy

Marie-Louise O'Murphy

Marie-Louise O'Murphy (aussi appelée « Mademoiselle de Morphy », « la belle Morphise », « Louise Morfi » ou « Marie-Louise Morphy de Boisfailly »), née le à Rouen, morte le à Paris, connue comme le modèle d'un tableau de François Boucher, est l'une des petites maîtresses de Louis XV.

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Louis XV of France

Louis XV of France
 

Anne Couppier de Romans

Anne Couppier de Romans

Anne Couppier de Romans (1737 –1808) was a petite maîtresse (unofficial mistress) of King Louis XV of France from 1760 to 1765.

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Louis XV of France

Louis XV of France
 

Madame du Barry

Madame du Barry

Jeanne Bécu, Contesse (Kontes) du Barry veya tam adı ile Madam Cecilia Louise du Barry (17 Ağustos 1743 - 8 Aralık 1793), Kral XV. Louis'in son metresi ve Fransız Devrimi sırasında gerçekleşen Terör Dönemi'nin kurbanlarından biridir.

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